The shipbuilding industry operates in environments characterized by high humidity, high salt spray, strong corrosion, heavy loads, and high impact. Bearings, as core components of marine power systems, propulsion systems, steering systems, and deck machinery, directly affect a ship's sailing performance, reliability, and safety. They must possess characteristics such as corrosion resistance, fatigue resistance, high load-bearing capacity, and excellent sealing performance to withstand the harsh challenges of the marine environment.
Marine propulsion systems are the core application scenario for bearings, with propeller shaft bearings (stern shaft bearings) and main engine bearings being the most critical. Propeller shaft bearings are installed between the stern shaft and the hull, bearing the thrust and torque transmitted by the propeller, while also withstanding the vibrations and impacts during navigation. They must possess extremely high load-bearing capacity, wear resistance, and sealing performance. Depending on the type of ship, stern shaft bearings can be divided into sliding bearings (such as white alloy bearings) and rolling bearings. Large ocean-going vessels mostly use sliding bearings, ensuring their stability under long-term high-load operation through excellent lubrication and cooling systems. Smaller vessels mostly use rolling bearings, which offer advantages such as easy maintenance and low starting resistance. Main engine bearings (such as diesel engine main bearings and connecting rod bearings) are installed inside the ship's main engine, undertaking the tasks of supporting and transmitting power to the crankshaft. They must withstand enormous cyclic and impact loads. Through optimized materials and lubrication technology, they ensure the stable operation of the main engine, providing the ship with powerful propulsion.
In addition, bearings are widely used in ship deck machinery, steering systems, and auxiliary equipment. Deck machinery such as anchor winches, cranes, and winches utilize high-load-bearing, corrosion-resistant roller bearings and thrust bearings to ensure reliable operation in the marine environment, enabling operations such as anchor chain deployment and retrieval, and cargo hoisting. Components in the steering system, such as steering gear and thrusters, are equipped with precision bearings to achieve precise control of the ship's course and improve maneuverability. Auxiliary equipment such as generators, pumps, and fans use corrosion-resistant bearings to ensure continuous and stable operation, providing energy and support for the ship's navigation and daily life. To adapt to the corrosive characteristics of the marine environment, ship bearings are mostly made of stainless steel and corrosion-resistant alloys, and equipped with excellent sealing structures and anti-corrosion coatings to extend their service life.
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